 | In the 2024 Macedonian League Annual Assessment, we talk with National Security Advisor, Marcus A. Templar, for an in-depth analysis of some of the most pressing questions from our audience, including among others: China's role in Greece, regional players, the Greek Diaspora, and the Greek political establishment. |
QUESTION 1:
After China secured control of the Greek port at Piraeus in 2016, many Chinese state-controlled Facebook pages suddenly popped up, showcasing a considerable push in China for the Greek language and culture being taught to Chinese citizens. On the outside, many may consider this a beautiful gesture and love for Greek culture. However, from an intelligence perspective, this may be very dangerous. Should Greeks be worried?
China's influence campaign in Greece has evolved over the past few years, focusing on "softer" forms of cooperation such as culture and education, local twinning, and cultivating ties with Greek media. However, its impact has been limited due to its modest media and social media presence. Chinese pressure is usually visible when Beijing pushes back on specific issues that it perceives as detrimental to China's national image and interests. Influenced by China's probably financial pressure, Greece has rejected a European Union declaration at the United Nations criticizing China's human rights record, which undermines attempts to combat Beijing's crackdown on activists and dissidents. Remember that whatever China does is influenced by its ulterior political and economic motives as dictated by its strategic goals. They aim for world hegemony in any way possible.
QUESTION 2:
Greek organizations in the Diaspora often have various opportunities to engage with their governments regarding Greek national interests. However, the messages received by politicians are not always diplomatic. If you could teach a class in diplomacy geared toward Greek organizations in the Diaspora, what would that look like?
In the first place, diplomacy is not for everyone. People must know their limits in all and any ways possible. Having come in contact with some Greek American organizations and SAE, I understand the frustration of the leadership of Diaspora organizations. Diplomacy can be positive and negative.
Positive diplomacy is crucial in negotiations and requests, providing several benefits that improve communication effectiveness. It creates an atmosphere of mutual respect and understanding, fostering trust between parties. This trust allows for open dialogue without fear of backlash. Active listening, a key component of positive diplomacy, helps negotiators understand each other's perspectives, leading to creative solutions. Diplomacy also promotes patience and restraint, reducing conflicts and promoting collaboration to reach sustainable agreements. Preparation is essential in positive diplomatic engagements to address challenges and achieve favorable outcomes with minimal misunderstandings.
Hostile diplomacy involves governmental actors of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), not only in an official capacity but also as individuals to "assist" the situation, interfering with organizations' lobbying efforts because they do not like the elected board. I have seen it in SAE.
We had an elected board, and within six months, the government of Greece forced out the elected head of the board and appointed a Greek American politician from California. I left SAE altogether. If a government does not like the existence of an elected board, why do elections occur? BTW, such an act was illegal because the Constitution of Greece at the time and the statute in existence were obvious. Legally, the Diaspora passes any needs it has to the government of Greece and not vice versa.
Positive diplomacy is crucial in negotiations and requests, providing several benefits that improve communication effectiveness. It creates an atmosphere of mutual respect and understanding, fostering trust between parties. This trust allows for open dialogue without fear of backlash. Active listening, a key component of positive diplomacy, helps negotiators understand each other's perspectives, leading to creative solutions. Diplomacy also promotes patience and restraint, reducing conflicts and promoting collaboration to reach sustainable agreements. Preparation is essential in positive diplomatic engagements to address challenges and achieve favorable outcomes with minimal misunderstandings.
Hostile diplomacy involves governmental actors of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), not only in an official capacity but also as individuals to "assist" the situation, interfering with organizations' lobbying efforts because they do not like the elected board. I have seen it in SAE.
We had an elected board, and within six months, the government of Greece forced out the elected head of the board and appointed a Greek American politician from California. I left SAE altogether. If a government does not like the existence of an elected board, why do elections occur? BTW, such an act was illegal because the Constitution of Greece at the time and the statute in existence were obvious. Legally, the Diaspora passes any needs it has to the government of Greece and not vice versa.
QUESTION 3:
It is getting harder and harder for certain ethnic groups to post on Facebook due to posts being deemed a violation of the Facebook community standards. Such a matter is especially true for Greeks, Cypriot Greeks, Armenians, and others with a long history of Ottoman oppression. However, on the flip side, Facebook is chock-full of anti- Greek pages and racist posts, and we often hear people telling us that those posts always come back as "not violating" Facebook's rules when reported. Is there something that can be done, and by whom?
Let me start with Goethe's reaction to nonsense: "There is no more terrible sight than ignorance in action (Goethe, 1908)."[1]
What concerns me is that various individuals offer their opinions based on their educational level or historical biases. As the American physicist Richard Freyman correctly stated, "Never confuse education with intelligence. You can have a PhD and still be an idiot."
On an established basis, they disseminate public disinformation. I suspect that their mother countries' governments are actively involved in how they write. It is the manifestation of the dynamics of willful ignorance that social media assists. In the case of Albanian social media: the participants of such discussions use canned "facts" given to them by a coordinated Albanian government effort to establish a history that never existed, so their responses are fake.
I read a few Wikipedia entries on Albanians posted by Albanians. Perhaps Rama and his cronies are content about it. However, they failed to connect the present Albanian ethnos to any other ethnos of the south Balkans, including "Illyria" before the 3rd century AD. The fact that Ptolemy, the historian, mentioned Albani as one of the Illyrian tribes it does not mean that the present-day Albanians are descendants of those people (Prolemy's Geography, par. 23, chapter 3, Book 2 – geographical location: 46°00' - 41°05'.
Turks, for instance, are not locals in Turkey, and Hungarians invaded the location they live today. The difference is that we have a clear recorded history because of the time they migrated. The fact that we do not know the specifics of the Shqiptarët arriving in their present location does not mean they are locals. One must never forget that Albania was also in the Caucasus, and Iberia was next to Albania.
In 1928, Ernst Brugger wrote the essay Almain and Ermonie as Tristan's Home, published in Modern Philology, Vol. 26, No. 1 (August 1928), pp. 1-12 by the University of Chicago Press. The Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, edited by William F. Skene, LL.D., H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. 1867, states the same. It was about Scotland being called Albania in the Middle Ages for about 500 years. A scholarly term for Britain is Albion. Recorded in Old English, the word comes from Latin and is related to Latin albus, 'white,' in inference to the white cliffs of Dover. Rubric in the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon, in Р. & Ѕ., 209, states:
What concerns me is that various individuals offer their opinions based on their educational level or historical biases. As the American physicist Richard Freyman correctly stated, "Never confuse education with intelligence. You can have a PhD and still be an idiot."
On an established basis, they disseminate public disinformation. I suspect that their mother countries' governments are actively involved in how they write. It is the manifestation of the dynamics of willful ignorance that social media assists. In the case of Albanian social media: the participants of such discussions use canned "facts" given to them by a coordinated Albanian government effort to establish a history that never existed, so their responses are fake.
I read a few Wikipedia entries on Albanians posted by Albanians. Perhaps Rama and his cronies are content about it. However, they failed to connect the present Albanian ethnos to any other ethnos of the south Balkans, including "Illyria" before the 3rd century AD. The fact that Ptolemy, the historian, mentioned Albani as one of the Illyrian tribes it does not mean that the present-day Albanians are descendants of those people (Prolemy's Geography, par. 23, chapter 3, Book 2 – geographical location: 46°00' - 41°05'.
Turks, for instance, are not locals in Turkey, and Hungarians invaded the location they live today. The difference is that we have a clear recorded history because of the time they migrated. The fact that we do not know the specifics of the Shqiptarët arriving in their present location does not mean they are locals. One must never forget that Albania was also in the Caucasus, and Iberia was next to Albania.
In 1928, Ernst Brugger wrote the essay Almain and Ermonie as Tristan's Home, published in Modern Philology, Vol. 26, No. 1 (August 1928), pp. 1-12 by the University of Chicago Press. The Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, edited by William F. Skene, LL.D., H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. 1867, states the same. It was about Scotland being called Albania in the Middle Ages for about 500 years. A scholarly term for Britain is Albion. Recorded in Old English, the word comes from Latin and is related to Latin albus, 'white,' in inference to the white cliffs of Dover. Rubric in the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon, in Р. & Ѕ., 209, states:
"Аѕ we find in our chronicles, the Scots [have possessed] Scotland, which was at first called Albania, for 456 years from Alpin, the first monarch of the whole island; and from him in direct line of succession the hereditary right has descended correctly, аѕ is shown below, to Malcolm III, [king of Scotland,) who received St Margaret in marriage." 456 years added to the year 834 (the date of the union given in this chronicle) would give 1290, the year of queen Margaret's death.
Regarding the term Illyrian, I must remind all those "Illyrians" that the Slavic people in southern Balkans inhabit the lands of the so-called Illyrians. Albanians are not the only inhabitants, and neither are locals.
In 1796, a grain merchant from Karlovac, Croatia, named Josip Šipuš, called for a common language for business purposes to no avail.[2] During his tenure along the northern Adriatic, the Napoleonic governor of the "United Illyrian Provinces" between 1809 and 1813 tried but failed to impose a single language on the Slovenes and Croats.[3] A few years later, such a union occurred with the Illyrian Movement. Here is how it started.
A group of young intellectuals initiated the Croatian national revival. They called it the Illyrian Movement, a cultural and political movement during the first half of the 19th century, around 1835–1849. The title "Illyrian" symbolized a modern movement, not the ancient tribes).[4]
In their early years, the undisputed leader of the Illyrian Movement was Ljudevit Gaj (1809-1872), a lawyer, publisher, and linguist.[5] This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment within the Austro-Hungarian Empire through linguistic and ethnic unity among South Slavs. Even though Gaj explicitly rejected the forcible imposition of any single dialect on all South Slavs, he rejected the notion of forging a literary language from all the existing dialects.[6]
Whether Albanians are locals or not is explained by Emperor Julian, the Apostate, who wrote the book "The Caesars" in Greek, stating that Trajan said, "the Getae I expelled, removed." The translated text in English that has it as subdued is wrong.
The verb ἐξαιρέω > ἐξαιρῶ is irregular. Its second aorist, ἐξεῖλον, which Emperor Julian used, means "removed" (See Lexicon Liddel Scott Jones below). The original text states: τὸ Γετῶν ἔθνος ἐξεῖλον, which means, "I expelled/removed the nation of Getae." Bear in mind that Greeks called the tribe Getae and the Romans called them Dacians. They were the same people.
Look at note III. 2. above.
Yes, Trajan expelled them, and the only place they could go was south to Moesia, which is today Serbia and Bulgaria. Then, the Slavs came down and partially pushed them to the location of present-day Kosovo and Albania. Byzantium was too strong for them.
Yes, Trajan expelled them, and the only place they could go was south to Moesia, which is today Serbia and Bulgaria. Then, the Slavs came down and partially pushed them to the location of present-day Kosovo and Albania. Byzantium was too strong for them.
QUESTION 4:
Staying on this subject, ever since AI and ChatGPT have become normalized in everyday use, Greece's enemies from two western Balkan countries have flooded social media and the internet with fake history in which both groups now claim ancient and modern Greek history as their own and the Greeks wiped out of a given historical event. As such, this is causing mass confusion for outsiders since people who want to research something are bombarded with "manipulated" history that purports to be factual on social media and certain staged websites. Should not this issue be carefully monitored and countered by Greece's intelligence and cybercrime communities?
George Bernard Shaw stated, "Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance." Social media is like a gossip page. I have avoided using it extensively for the same reason. I have accounts on some but have not used them for a long time.
Social media participants often share opinions based on half-truths and wishful thinking, which is inaccurate from a historical standpoint. They are not experts in anything besides horse manure, and their actions are hazardous from a national security perspective. Previous dictatorial governments have invented the history of countries like Albania and Skopje to keep their people united under the dream of racial superiority. They have mistranslated and misunderstood facts of ancient Greece, primarily historical literature.
Greece's politicians are unconcerned onlookers as they invest in Western European financial institutions. The regimes aimed to develop a chauvinistic and nationalistic background for imperialistic territorial purposes, accusing others of the same crimes they had or aim to commit.
Greece might want to implement what India and other countries have done. India, for instance, enacted the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The United States, besides the National Security Agency/Central Security Service, has recently enacted the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), two pivotal entities in the U.S. responsible for maintaining the nation's security and resilience against cyber threats. Greece needs such a functional agency or ministry.
Social media participants often share opinions based on half-truths and wishful thinking, which is inaccurate from a historical standpoint. They are not experts in anything besides horse manure, and their actions are hazardous from a national security perspective. Previous dictatorial governments have invented the history of countries like Albania and Skopje to keep their people united under the dream of racial superiority. They have mistranslated and misunderstood facts of ancient Greece, primarily historical literature.
Greece's politicians are unconcerned onlookers as they invest in Western European financial institutions. The regimes aimed to develop a chauvinistic and nationalistic background for imperialistic territorial purposes, accusing others of the same crimes they had or aim to commit.
Greece might want to implement what India and other countries have done. India, for instance, enacted the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The United States, besides the National Security Agency/Central Security Service, has recently enacted the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), two pivotal entities in the U.S. responsible for maintaining the nation's security and resilience against cyber threats. Greece needs such a functional agency or ministry.
QUESTION 5:
Minister of Defense Nikos Dendias has really stepped up to the plate in his current role. He often speaks as a statesman both in Greece and abroad. Do you foresee him playing an even larger role in the future of Greek politics?
I know of Mr. Dendias only from what I have read about him. I understand that he is an attorney and has previously had ministerial positions as Minister of Justice, Minister of Public Order and Citizen Protection, Minister of Development and Competitiveness, Minister of National Defense, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. I understand he holds the Minister of National Defense position for a second time. He has experience in his present post. I recently read an interview he gave Kathemerini on October 13, 2024.[2]
For the good of the country, I wish him well. However, he would need the cooperation of all political ideologies and parties, especially those of his own, and there is the problem. Greece has problems because its politicians cared about their re-election instead of enacting and implementing sound election laws. If one represents the first district of the Florina Prefecture, one MUST live in the specific location instead of owning a house in Kyfisia and living permanently there.
For the good of the country, I wish him well. However, he would need the cooperation of all political ideologies and parties, especially those of his own, and there is the problem. Greece has problems because its politicians cared about their re-election instead of enacting and implementing sound election laws. If one represents the first district of the Florina Prefecture, one MUST live in the specific location instead of owning a house in Kyfisia and living permanently there.
QUESTION 6:
When Skopje's new President, Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova, took the oath of office, she did so as the President of "Macedonia" dropping the term "North" from her oath. Greece's response on the MFA website was feeble, with two lines discussing the need for maintaining good neighborly relations. What, if anything, could Greece have done very differently in that scenario?
I wish I could say that it is funny, but it is not at all. About a month ago, I read an academic paper by someone from NORTH Macedonia about the issue of good neighborly relations, charging Greece with non-compliance. He somehow missed the point that such a relationship is reciprocal. It is a severe violation of international law, but if people expect ANY judicial move on behalf of the Greek political establishment, I hope they do not hold their breath. The 2018 Agreement clearly states that the history of the "Macedonian" Slavs and the real Macedonian Greeks do not share the same history. They are two different ethnicities. Article 7 of the 2018 Ohrid Agreement is CLEAR.
There is nothing wrong with a government trying a diplomatic approach to solve problems a neighboring government creates. However, what happens with Skopje, Albania, and Turkey has become a constant harassment. A government cannot allow other governments to jerk the country around for their political purposes. One can turn the other cheek once, even twice; beyond that, it gives the impression of being afraid to respond to bullies.
According to their mentality, Greeks are pushovers, and everyone knows it. Some Greeks are pseudo-cultured. One does not have to do anything more than look at their behavior on various TV talk shows and see how they yell and scream against each other, ready to beat each other about things that have nothing to do with the subject and a lot to do with ego. It is after all what intelligence agencies are for. ELIAMEP does not get it. They only employ people whose understanding of intelligence issues is limited IF it exists. They are all theory and no practice.
Turks jerk them around for years regarding the Aegean. Has anyone in the Greek government taken Turkey to the International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court)? We saw what the Greeks did in the case of Ocalan or even before that with the case of Imia. Or should I remind people about the case of Cyprus? They blame people who had nothing to do with anything, or they were victims themselves. Nevertheless, not one points the finger at the families that govern today. It is take it or leave it. I know more than I can tell. The devil is in the details.
There is nothing wrong with a government trying a diplomatic approach to solve problems a neighboring government creates. However, what happens with Skopje, Albania, and Turkey has become a constant harassment. A government cannot allow other governments to jerk the country around for their political purposes. One can turn the other cheek once, even twice; beyond that, it gives the impression of being afraid to respond to bullies.
According to their mentality, Greeks are pushovers, and everyone knows it. Some Greeks are pseudo-cultured. One does not have to do anything more than look at their behavior on various TV talk shows and see how they yell and scream against each other, ready to beat each other about things that have nothing to do with the subject and a lot to do with ego. It is after all what intelligence agencies are for. ELIAMEP does not get it. They only employ people whose understanding of intelligence issues is limited IF it exists. They are all theory and no practice.
Turks jerk them around for years regarding the Aegean. Has anyone in the Greek government taken Turkey to the International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court)? We saw what the Greeks did in the case of Ocalan or even before that with the case of Imia. Or should I remind people about the case of Cyprus? They blame people who had nothing to do with anything, or they were victims themselves. Nevertheless, not one points the finger at the families that govern today. It is take it or leave it. I know more than I can tell. The devil is in the details.
QUESTION 7:
A case in point to what you just stated, the treatment of the Greek Minority in Albania: The ethnic Greek minority politician Fredi Beleri was released from Albanian prison after 16 months on what were trumped-up charges concocted by Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama. How could Greece even allow this to go on for so long, and what actions should Greece have taken on the day that Beleri was jailed?
Again, I blame the political establishment of Greece. That is a matter of SAE. Greece should have taken Albania to the ICJ or the relevant European Court. They chose to do nothing. Greece's government should have stopped all Albanian remittances from Greece. Then, we would see how fast Rama would be compliant. It was an issue of protecting the Greek minority in Albania and human rights.
Nevertheless, the excuse for that mentality was given to me by a Greek diplomat in 2010 who told me, "Eh, what can we do? We are a small country!" I answered, "I did not know Skopje was bigger than Greece!" But the election of Fredi Beleri to the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) is a victory for Democracy.
Nevertheless, the excuse for that mentality was given to me by a Greek diplomat in 2010 who told me, "Eh, what can we do? We are a small country!" I answered, "I did not know Skopje was bigger than Greece!" But the election of Fredi Beleri to the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) is a victory for Democracy.
QUESTION 8:
Turkey's President stood up at the 79th UNGA, pointing fingers at Israel concerning the war against Hamas; however, everything he accused Israel of doing against the Palestinians, the Turkish state has done and still does against every country on its borders and internally against those they categorize as "terrorists." As it specifically pertains to the Kurds, as Turkey was pointing fingers at Israel, throughout 2024 the Turkish military bombarded Kurdish areas in northern Iraq over 1,000 times, according to Kurdish lobbies in Washington and in an article in the newspaper Turkish Minute. Aside from Al Jazeera keeping silent on Turkish atrocities while amplifying every Israeli action, how does Turkey get away with their actions without anyone holding them to account, not even the United Nations?
The same people who scream in favor of the Palestinians find themselves trapped in their own philosophy. Al-Jazeera (The Peninsula) is a Qatari- established, stationed, and funded TV network serving the interests of its Arab Muslim billionaire rulers. It cares less about the rights of people while they have a twisted understanding of right and wrong. It is the same Emirate that sanctioned the leadership of Hamas (Ḥarakah al- Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah / حركة المقاومة الإسلامية), allowing millions of U.S. dollars from various sources to fill their coffers. At the same time, the people in Gaza suffer the consequences of their callousness. The word Muqāwamah changed its meaning from resistance to harassment. In the words of Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Galloway (November 3, 1895 –January 28, 1977), then the director of UNRWA in Jordan, in 1952:
It is perfectly clear that Arab nations do not want to solve the Arab refugee problem. They want to keep it as an open sore, as an affront against the United Nations, and as a weapon against Israel. Arab leaders don't give a damn whether the refugees live or die.[8]
It is abhorrent for people to suffer the consequences of egotistic right or left dictators to create such conditions. Unfortunately, always the victims of wars were, are, and always will be innocent civilians. The difference is that today, the means of communication and transmission are different. The scope of the subject matter can become very biased, showing only what the network owner wants people to see. The same is true with social media.
The question that I have is simple. What was the status of the strip of Gaza and the West Side of Jordan under the sovereignty of Egypt and the Kingdom of Jordan? When one answers these questions, one understands where the problem lies.
Also, it is noted that books issued by UNRWA for the pupils and students are reportedly inimical to Israel, and in addition, UNRWA's definition of a Palestinian refugee is inconsistent with other international classifications, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act. Congress introduced a bill to ensure the U.S. policy is consistent with the definition of a refugee in the Immigration and Nationality Act.
UNRWA's definition of a Palestinian refugee endlessly perpetuates from generation to generation regardless of where the person holds a new citizenship or is born. However, such a definition applies ONLY to the Palestinians. For all others, their refugee status discontinues once they obtain new citizenship. Their posterity is no longer refugees.
If UNRWA applies the exact definition of refugee to Greece and the Greek refugees of Asia Minors the "special" definition of refugees of UNRWA as applied to Palestinians only, then not only those Greek Orthodox refugees that left Asia Minor should receive food and monetary assistance from UNRWA, but also their children and their children's children and so on to the upcoming centuries. So why is it that only the Palestinians are treated in this manner and not the Greeks? Are the Greeks fools? Greeks should start thinking of their own situation before showing compassion for others. After all, Hamas, a duly elected political party by the Palestinians, brought the disaster to themselves by attacking Israel. Israel is not going anywhere. Bear in mind that Hamas is an offshoot of the same organization behind the assassination of President Anwar as-Sadat of Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood.
Or what about the Assyrians, the Kurds, and other oppressed people of the Earth? Because Greeks, Assyrians, and Kurds are not Arabs.
Of course, I must admit that in Turkey, the opposition and some progressive media are against Erdogan's rhetoric and deeds, but they are too weak to be heard, let alone do something about it.
I do remind the Greeks that if they support Palestinians because of the myth that they emigrated to Palestine from Crete and that makes them "Greeks," they had better read the Harris Papyrus and the Canopus Decree to learn something. BTW, Kaft-ur = great kaft in Kemetic (ancient Egyptian language) means the land where the phoenix grows,i.e., Phoenicia. However, does anyone think the Phoenicians would allow outside sea-faring people to travel freely in their domain and occupy the land they considered theirs? Let us be serious. Ai-kaft means the curved sea-coast, which is a fitting name for the land of the various mouths of Nile at its delta as the geology was at that time, before the natural aggradations.
________________
[1] Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Collected Works -The Maxims and Reflections,
Translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders, Pub. Macm Illan And Co., Limited St. Martin's
Street, London, 1908.
[2] Leksikografski Zavod 1955a, 339.
[3] Despalatović, Elinor Murray. “Ljudevit Gaj and the Illyrian Movement.” New York: East European
Quarterly, 1975, 22.
[4] Despalatović, Elinor Murray. “Ljudevit Gaj and the Illyrian Movement.” New York: East European
Quarterly, 1975.
[5] Mitchell Young, “Language And Nation: An Analysis of Croatian Linguistic Nationalism,” A Master of
Arts Political Science Thesis presented to the Faculty of San Diego State University, Spring 2011.
[6] Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics (Ithaca: Cornell, 1988),
78-79.
[7] https://www.mod.mil.gr/synenteyxi-yetha-nikoy-dendia-stin-efimerida-kathimerini-tis-kyriakis-ton/
fbclid=IwY2xjawF5XU5leHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHS7WZP9zsYLbeyCWXyaG3HEaYjppPc86EuNeMNMt04KGU99uKyPEKxiQfA_aem_h0gf4qpnft3sbkYSeS-BKQ&sfnsn=mo
[8] Jay Sekulow, UNRWA Has Changed the Definition of Refugee
The U.N.'s agency for Palestinians should stop playing word games and do its job,
August 17, 2018.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/17/unrwa-has-changed-the-definition-of-refugee/
[1] Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Collected Works -The Maxims and Reflections,
Translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders, Pub. Macm Illan And Co., Limited St. Martin's
Street, London, 1908.
[2] Leksikografski Zavod 1955a, 339.
[3] Despalatović, Elinor Murray. “Ljudevit Gaj and the Illyrian Movement.” New York: East European
Quarterly, 1975, 22.
[4] Despalatović, Elinor Murray. “Ljudevit Gaj and the Illyrian Movement.” New York: East European
Quarterly, 1975.
[5] Mitchell Young, “Language And Nation: An Analysis of Croatian Linguistic Nationalism,” A Master of
Arts Political Science Thesis presented to the Faculty of San Diego State University, Spring 2011.
[6] Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics (Ithaca: Cornell, 1988),
78-79.
[7] https://www.mod.mil.gr/synenteyxi-yetha-nikoy-dendia-stin-efimerida-kathimerini-tis-kyriakis-ton/
fbclid=IwY2xjawF5XU5leHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHS7WZP9zsYLbeyCWXyaG3HEaYjppPc86EuNeMNMt04KGU99uKyPEKxiQfA_aem_h0gf4qpnft3sbkYSeS-BKQ&sfnsn=mo
[8] Jay Sekulow, UNRWA Has Changed the Definition of Refugee
The U.N.'s agency for Palestinians should stop playing word games and do its job,
August 17, 2018.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/17/unrwa-has-changed-the-definition-of-refugee/
_______________
About Marcus A. Templar
Professor Marcus A. Templar is a former U.S. Army Cryptologic Linguist (Language Analyst), Signal Intelligence and All-Source Intelligence Analyst. During his career as a U.S. Intelligence Officer, besides organizational duties, he discharged the responsibilities of a U.S. Army Observer/Controller, Instructor of Intelligence Courses specializing in Deconstruction of Strategies, Foreign Disclosures Officer, and Translator Interpreter of Serbo-Croatian. He is the Macedonian League's National Security Advisor.
About the Macedonian League
We are an international professional Hellenic advocacy group. Our primary purpose is to advance our interests to informed and responsive governments on issues concerning Greece's national security and territorial integrity. As of 12 February 2019, the Macedonian League's main focus is on the “Prespes Agreement", as this Agreement is a serious national security issue for Greece and the wider Balkan region. The Macedonian League also focuses on exposing and combating anti-Hellenism and analyzing political developments in Skopje.
For more information, follow us on: Website, Facebook, Twitter
About Marcus A. Templar
Professor Marcus A. Templar is a former U.S. Army Cryptologic Linguist (Language Analyst), Signal Intelligence and All-Source Intelligence Analyst. During his career as a U.S. Intelligence Officer, besides organizational duties, he discharged the responsibilities of a U.S. Army Observer/Controller, Instructor of Intelligence Courses specializing in Deconstruction of Strategies, Foreign Disclosures Officer, and Translator Interpreter of Serbo-Croatian. He is the Macedonian League's National Security Advisor.
About the Macedonian League
We are an international professional Hellenic advocacy group. Our primary purpose is to advance our interests to informed and responsive governments on issues concerning Greece's national security and territorial integrity. As of 12 February 2019, the Macedonian League's main focus is on the “Prespes Agreement", as this Agreement is a serious national security issue for Greece and the wider Balkan region. The Macedonian League also focuses on exposing and combating anti-Hellenism and analyzing political developments in Skopje.
For more information, follow us on: Website, Facebook, Twitter
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